The genetic basis of deafness in populations of African descent

Jason R. Rudman^{a, #},
Rosemary I. Kabahuma^{b, #
, ,},
Sara E. Bressler^a,
Yong Feng^c,
Susan H. Blanton^{a, d, e},
Denise Yan^a,
Xue-Zhong Liu^{a, c, d, e
, ,}

a.
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
b.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
c.
Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
d.
Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
e.
John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA

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Corresponding author: E-mail address: kabahumar2@gmail.com (Rosemary I. Kabahuma); E-mail address: x.liu1@med.miami.edu (Xue-Zhong Liu)

These two authors contributed equally to this work.

摘要

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Abstract: Hearing loss is the most common sensorineural disorder worldwide and is associated with more than 1000 mutations in more than 90 genes. While mutations in genes such as GJB2 (gap-junction protein β 2) and GJB6 (gap-junction protein β 6) are highly prevalent in Caucasian, Asian, and Middle Eastern populations, they are rare in both native African populations and those of African descent. The objective of this paper is to review the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology and genetics of hearing loss in African populations with a focus on native sub-Saharan African populations. Environmental etiologies related to poor access to healthcare and perinatal care account for the majority of cases. Syndromic etiologies including Waardenburg, Pendred and Usher syndromes are uncommon causes of hearing loss in these populations. Of the non-syndromic causes, common mutations in GJB2 and GJB6 are rarely implicated in populations of African descent. Recent use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has identified several candidate deafness genes in African populations from Nigeria and South Africa that are unique when compared to common causative mutations worldwide. Researchers also recently described a dominant mutation inMYO3a in an African American family with non-syndromic hearing loss. The use of NGS and specialized panels will aid in identifying rare and novel mutations in a more cost- and time-effective manner. The identification of common hearing loss mutations in indigenous African populations will pave the way for translation into genetic deafness research in populations of African descent worldwide.
- Genetic /
- Hearing loss /
- Deafness /
- African
These two authors contributed equally to this work.
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