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Volume 43 Issue 11
Nov.  2016
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Genetics and Genomics  > 2016  >  43(11): 631-638

Organic acid anions: An effective defensive weapon for plants against aluminum toxicity and phosphorus deficiency in acidic soils

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.11.003
  •  

    Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China

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  • Corresponding author: E-mail address: hliao@fafu.edu.cn (Hong Liao)
  • Received Date: 2016-05-06
  • Revised Date: 2016-07-21
  • Accepted Date: 2016-11-07
    • Available Online: 2016-11-11
  • Publish Date: 2016-11-20
    Abstract
  • Aluminum (Al) toxicity and phosphorous (P) deficiency are two major limiting factors for plant growth on acidic soils. Thus, the physiological mechanisms for Al tolerance and P acquisition have been intensively studied. A commonly observed trait is that plants have developed the ability to utilize organic acid anions (OAs; mainly malate, citrate and oxalate) to combat Al toxicity and P deficiency. OAs secreted by roots into the rhizosphere can externally chelate Al3+ and mobilize phosphate (Pi), while OAs synthesized in the cell can internally sequester Al3+ into the vacuole and release free Pi for metabolism. Molecular mechanisms involved in OA synthesis and transport have been described in detail. Ensuing genetic improvement for Al tolerance and P efficiency through increased OA exudation and/or synthesis in crops has been achieved by transgenic and marker-assisted breeding. This review mainly elucidates the crucial roles of OAs in plant Al tolerance and P efficiency through summarizing associated physiological mechanisms, molecular traits and genetic manipulation of crops.
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