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Article Navigation >  Journal of Genetics and Genomics  > 2025  > Accepted Manuscript

Genetic and molecular mechanisms of phytohormone-mediated seed size control in crops

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2025.10.005
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    a. State Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China;

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    b. School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China;

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    c. College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China

Funds:

This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (XDB1090000 to S.J.) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China, China (2021YFF1000202 and 2022YFF1002903 to Y.L.).

  • Received Date: 2025-08-01
  • Accepted Date: 2025-10-22
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-10-20
    • Available Online: 2025-11-03
    Abstract
  • Seed size is an important agronomic trait determining crop yield. Identifying key genes involved in seed size regulation and elucidating their molecular mechanisms are of great significance for crop breeding. Recent studies in crops have uncovered numerous genes that control seed size and weight, many of which function by modulating phytohormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or signaling pathways. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and molecular mechanisms by which phytohormones regulate seed size and weight and their cross-talks in modulating seed size. We highlight the functional conservation and divergence of homologous genes that control seed size across species. A particular focus is placed on those genes that have promising potential for yield improvement. Finally, we discuss current challenges in phytohormone regulation of seed size and molecular design breeding strategies for translating this knowledge into crop improvement.
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