Distinguished biological adaptation architecture aggravated population differentiation of Tibeto-Burman-speaking people inferred from 500 whole-genome data from 39 populations

Yuntao Sun; Mengge Wang; Qiuxia Sun; Yan Liu; Shuhan Duan; Zhiyong Wang; Yunyu Zhou; Jun Zhong; Yuguo Huang; Xinyu Huang; Qingxin Yang; Xiangping Li; Haoran Su; Yan Cai; Xiucheng Jiang; Jing Chen; Jiangwei Yan; Shengjie Nie; Liping Hu; Junbao Yang; Renkuan Tang; Chuan-Chao Wang; Chao Liu; Xiaohui Deng; Libing Yun; Guanglin He

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2023.10.002

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Distinguished biological adaptation architecture aggravated population differentiation of Tibeto-Burman-speaking people inferred from 500 whole-genome data from 39 populations

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.10.002

1 West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China;
2 Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China;
3 Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China;
4 Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China;
5 Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, 510055, China;
6 Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China;
7 School of Clinical Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China;
8 School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China;
9 School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China;
10 School of Stomatology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China;
11 Department of medical laboratory, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, China;
12 School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China;
13 Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510230, China;
14 School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030001, China

Funds:

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202078) and the Center for Archaeological Science of Sichuan University (23SASA01).

Received Date: 2023-08-25
Revised Date: 2023-09-28
Accepted Date: 2023-10-04

Available Online: 2023-10-11

Abstract

Abstract

Tibeto-Burman (TB) people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic, cold, and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period. However, the full landscape of genetic history and biological adaptation of geographically diverse TB-speaking people, as well as their interaction mechanism remain unknown. We generate a whole-genome meta-database of 500 individuals from 39 TB-speaking populations in East Asia and Southeast Asia and present a comprehensive landscape of genetic diversity, admixture history, and differentiated adaptative features of geographically different TB-speaking people. We identify genetic differentiation related to geography and language among TB-speaking people, consistent with their differentiated admixture process with incoming or indigenous ancestral source populations. A robust genetic connection between the Tibetan-Yi corridor and ancient Yellow River people supports their Northern China origin hypothesis. We finally report substructure-related differentiated biological adaptative signatures between highland Tibetans and Loloish speakers. Adaptative signatures associated with the physical pigmentation (EDAR and SLC24A5) and metabolism (ALDH9A1) are identified in Loloish people, which differed from the high-altitude adaptative genetic architecture in Tibetan. TB-related genomic resources provide new insights into the genetic basis of biological adaptation and better reference for the anthropologically-informed sampling design in biomedical and genomic cohort research.
- Tibeto-Burman people,
- genetic profile,
- natural selection,
- genetic diversity,
- biological adaptation

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