Journal of Genetics and Genomics

A systematic evaluation of computational methods for predicting translated non-canonical ORFs from ribosome profiling data

Tianyu Lei, Yue Chang, et al.

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.08.010

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Abstract:

TaANR1-TaMADS25 module regulates lignin biosynthesis and root development in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Weiya Xu, Yongming Chen, et al.

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.08.011

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Abstract:

Phosphorylation of KAT-2B by WKS1/Yr36 redirects the lipid flux to jasmonates to enhance resistance against wheat stripe rust

Yan Yan, Xiao-Ming Li, et al.

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.08.009

Abstract (2) PDF (5)

Abstract:

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most essential human energy and protein sources. However, wheat production is threatened by devastating fungal diseases, such as stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici(Pst). Here, we reveal that the alternations in chloroplast lipid profiles and the accumulation of jasmonate (JA) in the necrosis region activate JA signaling and trigger the host defense. The collapse of chloroplasts in the necrosis region results in accumulations of polyunsaturated membrane lipids and the lipid-derived phytohormone, JA, in transgenic lines of Yr36 that encodes Wheat Kinase START 1 (WKS1), a high-temperature-dependent adultplant resistance protein. WKS1.1, a protein encoded by a full-length splicing variant of WKS1, phosphorylates and enhances the activity of keto-acyl thiolase (KAT-2B), a critical enzyme catalyzing the β-oxidation reaction in JA biosynthesis. The premature stop mutant, kat-2b, accumulates less JA and shows defects in the host defense against Pst. Conversely, over-expression of KAT-2B results in a higher level of JA and limits the growth of Pst. Moreover, JA inhibits the growth and reduces pustule densities of Pst. This study illustrates the WKS1.1-KAT-2B-JA pathway enhancing wheat defense against fungal pathogens to attenuate yield loss.

Multi-omics analyses of G6PD deficiency variants in Chinese population

He Ji, Jiahuan Chen, et al.

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.08.008

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Microbiome and metabolome dysbiosis analysis in impaired glucose tolerance for the prediction of progression to diabetes mellitus

Boxun Zhang, Xuan Zhang, et al.

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.08.005

Abstract (15) PDF (3)

Abstract:
Gut microbiota and circulating metabolite dysbiosis predate important pathological changes in glucose metabolic disorders; however, comprehensive studies on impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), a diabetes mellitus (DM) precursor, are lacking. Here, we perform metagenomic sequencing and metabolomics of 47 pairs of individuals with IGT and newly diagnosed DM, and 46 controls with normal glucose tolerance (NGT); patients with IGT are followed-up after 4 years for progression to DM. Analysis of baseline data reveal significant differences in gut microbiota and serum metabolites among the IGT, DM, and NGT groups. In addition, 13 types of gut microbiota and 17 types of circulating metabolites show significant differences at baseline before IGT progressed to DM, including higher levels of Eggerthella unclassified, Coprobacillus unclassified, Clostridium ramosum, L-valine, L-norleucine, and L-isoleucine, and lower levels of Eubacterium eligens, Bacteroides faecis, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3_1_46FAA, Alistipes senegalensis, Megaspaera elsdenii, Clostridium perfringens, α-linolenic acid, 10E,12Z octadecadienoic acid, and dodecanoic acid. A random forest model based on differential intestinal microbiota and circulating metabolites can predict the progression from IGT to DM (AUC = 0.87). These results suggest that microbiome and metabolome dysbiosis occur in individuals with IGT and have important predictive values and potential for intervention in preventing IGT from progressing to DM.

Insights into plant salt stress signaling and tolerance

Huapeng Zhou, Haifan Shi, et al.

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.08.007

Abstract (123) PDF (43)

Abstract:
Soil salinization is an essential environmental stressor, threating agricultural yield and ecological security worldwide. Saline soils accumulate excessive soluble salts which are detrimental to most plants by limiting plant growth and productivity. It is of great necessity for plants to efficiently deal with the adverse effects caused by salt stress for survival and successful reproduction. Multiple determinants of salt tolerance have been identified in plants, and the cellular and physiological mechanisms of plant salt response and adaption have been intensely characterized. Plants respond to salt stress signals and rapidly initiate signaling pathways to re-establish cellular homeostasis with adjusted growth and cellular metabolism. This review summarizes the advances in salt stress perception, signaling and response in plants. A better understanding of plant salt resistance will contribute to improving crop performance under saline conditions using multiple engineering approaches. The rhizosphere microbiome- mediated plant salt tolerance as well as chemical priming for enhanced plant salt resistance are also discussed in this review.