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Article Navigation >  Journal of Genetics and Genomics  > 2025  > Accepted Manuscript

Genome of aerial alga Trentepohlia odorata reveals insights into the evolution of terrestrial lifestyle in green algae

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2025.09.004
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    a. College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of NSLSCS, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China;

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    b. Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China;

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    c. Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China;

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    d. Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China

Funds:

Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX24_1846).

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32370228 and 32470232 ), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), the fund of Taxonomy Scientist Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS-TAX-24-038), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2023355) and Postgraduate Research &

  • Received Date: 2025-07-19
  • Accepted Date: 2025-09-08
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-09-08
    • Available Online: 2025-09-13
    Abstract
  • Trentepohliales is a completely terrestrial order within Ulvophyceae (the core Chlorophyta), and its closely related lineages are mainly marine macroalgae (green seaweeds). Despite the considerable interest in their biotechnological potential, little is known about their adaptations to challenging terrestrial habitats. Here, we assemble the high-quality reference genome of Trentepohlia odorata. This alga shows duplications of key genes associated with lipid metabolism and carotenoid synthesis, potentially facilitating intracellular accumulation of lipid droplets and carotenoids. We further reveal positive selection and expansion of gene families involved in vesicle trafficking and cell division regulation in T. odorata compared to other algae (cleavage furrow-mediated cell division) in Ulvophyceae, providing a genetic foundation for the evolution of phragmoplast-mediated cell division. The combined C4-like and biophysical carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) of T. odorata enable adaptation to fluctuating CO2 environments, and support efficient photosynthesis under CO2-limited conditions. Adaptive strategies of T. odorata to terrestrial stressors, such as drought, intense light, and UV-B radiation, include horizontally acquired genes involved in cell wall synthesis and remodeling, homeostasis of aldehydes, and expanded genes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA repair, and photoprotection. Our study provides a valuable genomic resource for studying aerial algae and improves understanding of plant terrestrialization.
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